Pharyngeal
Pharynx (Latin language = pharynx) or the base of the esophagus
a cross between respiratory tract and
digestion. In humans the pharynx is also used as part
of tools for making a sound like noise, sounds, or
sing.
Esophagus
Throat or esophagus (the Latin = esophagus)
a long channel connecting the muscular cavity
mouth to the stomach. At the boundary between the esophagus with
There sfinger esofagi stomach (esophagii sphincter) that
works arranged for the food that had entered the
stomach did not return to the esophagus. Food as it passes
encouraged to use the throat muscles of movement
esophagus, called peristalsis.
Palate
The ceiling (in Latin = palate) is located on the wall above
(roof) the oral cavity. The ceiling can be divided into 2
part of the hard palate (palate durum) which limits
the oral cavity with the nasal cavity and soft palate
(palate mole) which limit the oral cavity with the pharynx
Salivary gland
At the mouth of the estuary there are glands salivary
(salivary glands) that are all around the mouth. Salivary gland
based on the location and size can be categorized into 3
pairs, ie from the largest size to smallest are:
1. Parotid glands located in front of the ear and the estuary
on the upper gums.
2. Glands mandibularis (submaksilaris) which is located near the
the mandible (lower jaw) and its mouth under the tongue.
3. Sublingualis gland located at the bottom of the mouth and
its mouth under the tongue.
Salivary glands produce saliva role. Saliva
composed of a dilute fluid (serous) and mucus. Saliva
contains an enzyme called amylase or ptyalin. Amylase
changing role of starch (starch) into simple sakarida.
Settings involving saliva spending 2 kinds of nerve
namely:
1. Parasympathetic nerves stimulate salivation by
salivary glands.
2. Sympathetic nerves inhibits salivation by
salivary glands.
Tongue (Latin=lingua) consists of a collection of fibers
striated muscle, which diselaputi by mucous membrane structure
varies depending on the place. On the surface of the tongue
there are small bumps called papillae of the tongue.
Some form of tongue papillae, among others:
1. Filiformis is shaped protrusion konus,
very much and have the entire surface of the tongue.
In this type of epithelial papillae do not contain soy nipple
(taste).
2. Fungiformis a protrusion with small stems and
a broad surface shaped like a mushroom. These papillae
contains the sense of taste on the side surface of the
and there on the sidelines of the papilla filiformis.
3. Foliatum is a very dense projection
along the edge of the rear side of the tongue. These papillae
contain sensitive nipples.
4. Sirkum valatum is a very large papillae
the other papillae covering the surface. In the
back of the tongue. Many serous glands (von Ebner) and
mucosal secretory flow into the hollow
which is megelilingi papilla. Putting ketchup many sides papilla
it.
Tooth (teeth = plural) is a tool that is composed digestion
the bone tissue is very strong and is embedded in the gums
(ginggiva) of the jaw bones above and below. Mouth
function of teeth to chew food
mechanically so that the food grains more
small, making it easier operation of digestive enzymes.
Based on the form and function of teeth can be distinguished
becomes:
1. Incisors or Incisivi (I) which has a function to bite
and cut.
2. Caninus canine teeth or (C) which has a function for
tore.
3. Molar teeth can be divided into small molars
or premolars (P) and large molar teeth or molars (M)
which has the function of chewing and pulverize food.
Digestive system is made up of the digestive tract and lymph glands
digestion. Digestive tract serves as a tool for
received, chewing, delivering, storing, digesting,
absorbed (absorption), and eliminate food. System
digestion of food has a role as follows:
1. Crushing food with the mouth until
stomach.
2. Absorb the essence of food by the intestinal mucous membrane.
3. Removing the remnants of food through the anus.