witchprickers

Uric acid stones

It is advisable to eat less meat, fish and poultry,
because the food is causing rising levels of acid
vein in the urine. To reduce the formation of uric acid
can be given allopurinol. Uric acid stones are formed when the acidity
urine increases, so to create an atmosphere of water
urine is alkaline (base), can be given potassium citrate. And so
It is recommended to drink plenty of water.

Prevention
Kidney disease can become chronic diseases and
lethal. Therefore, it is better to find the symptoms since
early and quickly so as not to be overcome disease
prolonged and cause greater losses.

Dialysis and kidney transplant
Generally, a person can live normally with only one kidney.
If both kidneys are not functioning normally, then someone needs to
get a kidney replacement therapy (tpg). This tpg
done either temporary or time constant.

Tpg consists of three, namely:
1. Hemodialysis (Blood Wash). The basic principle of hemodialysis
is cleaning the blood by using the Kidney
Artificial.
2. Peritoneal dialysis (Wash the stomach cavity) While
Peritoneal dialysis using a membrane cavity
(peritoneum) as a filter between the blood and fluid
dialysis.
3. Kidney transplant (transplant). Kidney transplants now
is quite common. Kidney transplant can be done
a “cadaveric” (from someone who has died)
or from donors who are still alive (usually members of
family). There are several advantages for the transplant of
donors are still living, including better compatibility,
donors can be tested thoroughly before transplant
and kidney is likely to have a lifespan longer.

Calcium stone

Most people experience hypercalciuria calcium stone,
where the levels of calcium in the urine is very high.
Thiazid diuretic drugs (eg trichlormetazid) will reduce
The new stone formation. It is advisable to drink plenty of water
White (8-10 glasses / day). Low-calcium diet and consume
cellulose sodium phosphate.

To increase the levels of citrate (inhibitor of stone formation
calcium) in the urine, given potassium citrate. Oxalate levels
High in the urine, which underpins the formation of stone
calcium, is a result of consuming foods rich in oxalate (such as spinach, chocolate, nuts, pepper and tea).

Therefore, the food intake should be reduced.
Sometimes calcium stones are formed due to other diseases, such as
hyperparathyroidism, sarkoidosis, vitamin D intoxication, acidosis
renal tubular or cancer. In this case should be
treatment of these diseases.

Blood circulation to and from the kidney

Kidney as a tool to filter the blood, the kidney is
organ which has blood vessels very much.
Blood into the kidney comes from the abdominal aorta
(large abdominal arteries) which later branched off into
renal arteries (renal arteries) and then enter into
kidney through the renal basin (hilar renal). Renal artery
before entering the kidney is usually branched into 2 (two)
ie one in the anterior (front) and other kidney
posterior (rear). Once entered into dlam kidneys, renal artery
gives off the artery interlobaris, arcuata artery, the artery
interlobularis, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, capillary
peritubuler (juxta glomerulare), interlobularis vein, vena arcuata,
interlobularis vein, renal vein.

In the medulla found venulae rectae, where the blood
flowing back into the arcuate veins. These vessels
containing blood that have been filtered in the glomeruli, which
an important role in maintaining interstitial tissue osmolarity high medulla.
Capillaries and the outer cortex of kidney capsules united
form the veins that lead into stelata veins
interlobularis. Veins follow the same way as
artery. Blood from the veins into the interlobularis flow venavena
arcuate, and from here to interlobaris veins. Interlobaris veins which form the renal vein blood and left kidney.

Afferent arterioles
Efferent ateriol wall contains smooth muscle
able to change the lumen diameter, whereas the lumen ateriol
afferents remains constant at the center line, because the smooth muscle cells surrounding a role in secretion rather than the role
contraction. Glometulus the blood capillaries. Glomeruli
contains arterial capillaries

Kidney stones

Kidney stones in the urinary tract (uriner calculus) is the mass
hard like a rock that formed along the urinary tract and
can cause pain, bleeding, blockage of urine flow
or infection.
These stones can form in the kidney (kidney stones) and in the
bladder (bladder stones). This rock formation process
called urolitiasis (litiasis renal nefrolitiasis).

Causes
Stone formation can occur due to urine saturated with
salts that can form stones or urine
lack of inhibiting the formation of a normal stone. Around
80% rock composed of calcium, the remainder contains a variety of materials,
including uric acid, cystine, and minerals struvit. Stone struvit
(a mixture of magnesium, ammonium and phosphate) also called “stone
infection “because this stone is formed only in the urine of
infected. Stone sizes range from who can not be seen
with the naked eye until the size of 2.5 inches or
more. Large stone called “staghorn calculus”. These stones can be
fill almost the entire renal pelvis and renal kalises.

Symptoms
Kidney stones, especially the small size, can not cause
symptoms. The symptoms of kidney stones depends on the location of the stone.
• Stones in the bladder can cause pain in the
lower abdomen.
• Stones that obstruct the ureter, renal pelvis and tubules
renal can cause back pain or renal colic
(great colicky pain).
Renal colic is characterized by severe pain that relapsing-remitting,
usually in the area between the ribs and hip bone, which
spread to the abdomen, pubic area and inner thighs. Symptoms
Another is nausea and vomiting, bloated abdomen, fever,
chills and blood in the urine. Patients may be
frequent urination, especially when the rock through the ureter. Stone can
causing urinary tract infections. If the stones block the flow of
bladder, bacteria will be trapped in the urine collected
above the blockage, so there was an infection. If blockage
This lasted a long time, urine will flow back into the channel in
in the kidney, causing stress that will
inflate kidney (hydronephrosis) and eventually could
kidney damage.

Diagnosis
Stones that do not cause symptoms, may be known
accident on the examination of routine urine analysis (urinalysis).
Stone that causes pain is usually diagnosed based on
symptoms of renal colic, accompanied with the tender in the back
and pain in the groin or pubic area without causing
clear.
Microscopic analysis of urine may reveal blood,
pus or small rock crystal. Usually not necessary
other tests, except if the pain settled more than a few
hours or the diagnosis is not certain.
Additional checks that can help make the diagnosis
is the collection of urine and 24-hour sampling
to assess the blood levels of calcium, cystine, uric acid and materials
others that can lead to stones.
Abdominal x-rays may reveal calcium stones and rocks
struvit. Other tests that may need to do is
urografi intravenous and urografi Retrograde.

Prevention
Drink plenty of fluids will increase spending and
formation of urine that can help remove
few stones; if the stone has been wasted, it is not necessary anymore
done treatment.
Renal colic can be alleviated with pain medication class
narcotics. Stones in the renal pelvis or ureter the top
measuring 1 inch or less often can be solved
by ultrasonic waves (extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy,
ESWL). Stone fragments will then be discarded in the urine.
Sometimes a stone removed through a small incision in the skin,
followed by ultrasonic treatment. A small stone in the ureter
the bottom could be appointed to the endoscope is inserted
through the urethra and into the bladder. Uric acid stones
sometimes will dissolve gradually in the atmosphere urine
base (eg by giving potassium citrate), but the stone
others can not overcome in this way. Uric acid stones
larger, which causes blockage, should be appointed
surgically. Stone formation precautions
depending on the composition of the rocks found in the patient.
Stone is analyzed and measured the levels of material
can lead to stones in the urine.